Browsing by Author "Jokhio, Gul Ahmed"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Durability Design Approach and Exposure Conditions in Eurocode, British Standard and ISO 13823 Standards: A Review
    (SpringerLink, 2024) Al-Haddad, Diala Basim; Jokhio, Gul Ahmed
    Several incidents of early deterioration of reinforced concrete structures have been reported in recent years. Consequently, the critical demand to incorporate durability in the structural design and construction approach has emerged. As a result, durability design provisions in many countries’ standards have gotten increasingly stringent. In the absence of clear standard guidelines for design engineers, insufficient design and failures or an expensive over-design to provide for the worst-case scenario may occur. This paper compares and critically reviews the durability design requirements and provisions in the Eurocode, British standards, and ISO standards and proposes improvements that will contribute to the development of the coming generation of these documents. The review revealed similarities in the durability design approach, exposure conditions, and design requirements in the Eurocode code and British standard, whereas the ISO 13823 approach is different. The studied documents’ durability provisions are comprehensive, detailed, and well-defined. Nevertheless, several provisions require to be revised to avoid misinterpretation by the code practitioners and to ensure an economically conservative durable design.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Overview of Concrete Deterioration Due to Sulphate Attack and Comparison of Its Requirements in International Codes
    (Springer Link, 2023) Al-Haddad, Diala Basim; Jokhio, Gul Ahmed; Abu Tair, Abid
    Any material or geometric property change that has an impact on structural performance is known as structural deterioration. Although this phenomenon is gradual, if it is not evaluated and fixed in a timely manner, it will have a severe impact on the structure and, in some historical occasions, may result in collapse. Deterioration has a variety of causes and mechanisms. Some are regarded as external, such as the environment, which is critical in areas with tough climate conditions, as the Arab Gulf, where temperatures and humidity are high, another factor is the low quality of the materials and poor craftsmanship. Depending on the type of materials used in the structure and the environment in which it is created, several precaution approaches for structural degradation may be adapted. Sulphate attack is one of the most widespread deteriorating mechanisms; this type of chemical damage can result in cracks, spalling, and disintegration of the structure, diminishing its strength. This paper presents a thorough investigation of this degrading agent, including its causes, effects, international code provisions, as well as recent studies on the subject with a focus on the Arab Gulf Countries. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that this phenomenon, with its various mechanisms, has a negative impact on structures. Despite the distribution of sulphates in the Gulf, the existence of chloride and the precautionary measures taken successfully limited their impact on structures.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Preventive Maintenance Using Recycled Asphalt: Review
    (Springer Link, 2023) Al Shehhi, Aishah H. O.; Jokhio, Gul Ahmed; Abu Tair, Abid
    The article addresses the importance of using recycled asphalt with the integration of road maintenance procedures in the road network. The road network is considered the main element of any national infrastructure development plan. The research aims to study and highlight the using recycled asphalt as a suggested sustainable method for road maintenance procedures. Therefore, the study elaborates on the historical use of recycled asphalt, its advantages, and disadvantages. Besides that, maintenance process categories to ensure the suitable type that helps provide the best quality of the network. Since roadway pavement assessment is based on quality as well as different characteristics parameters such as rutting, cracking, pavement quality Index, and roughness in addition to other parameters. The primary method used in this study is the review of existing literature. It can be concluded that the use of recycled asphalt in road maintenance can become a viable and sustainable alternative to current road maintenance practices.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    The Environmental and Economic Impacts of the Use of Recycled Asphalt During the Preventive Maintenance of Roadways in the UAE
    (SpringerLink, 2024) Al Shehhi, Aishah H. O.; Jokhio, Gul Ahmed
    This article studies the environmental and economic benefits expected from using recycled asphalt pavement in roadway maintenance by comparing the life cost analysis of conventional and recycled pavement. When comparing recycled and conventional asphalt, it turns out that the recycled asphalt cost is 28,060,400 Dhs compared to conventional asphalt's cost of 40,207,900 Dhs. Consequently, utilizing recycled asphalts will save around 12,147,500 Dhs, which is about 70% of the expense divided between the two pavements. This is because the duration of each maintenance process is different recycled asphalt requires 9 steps, which is the same as 33 days, compared to 12 steps for conventional asphalt, which requires 85 days. Calculating the waste from Dibba-Masafi Road is 23,104 m with the conventional pavement shows that managing this construction area’s waste is a challenge within its given rising volume of waste. However, by using recycled asphalt 3040 m of waste will be consumed which is a good amount to start a change in the roadway maintenance processes. Moreover, the assets that should be included in the roadway components, the norms and requirements set forth by the relevant authorities, and the minimal construction cost determined by quantity surveying are taken into account which resulted in the findings of this research demonstrating recycled asphalt as a long-term fix.