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Item The Impact of Technology-Enhanced Instruction on Student Achievement: A Comparative Study Using MAP and CAT 4 Data(The British University in Dubai (BUiD), 2025-02) DIB, ELISE; Professor Christopher HillTechnology-enhanced instruction (TEI) is transforming modern educational systems, yet its impact on student academic achievement remains a critical area of investigation.This study examines TEI’s impact on student academic achievement across multiple subjects while considering the students’ cognitive profiles and grade levels. The research analyses data from 3,327 students in Grades 3 to 9 across five UAE schools adopting the American curriculum, encompassing 9,264 MAP assessments in English language, English reading, math, and science. The study uses a quantitative approach to evaluate the relationship between TEI, academic achievement, cognitive profiles, and grade levels. Findings indicate that TEI has a modest but significant impact on academic achievement with varying effects across subjects. Math shows the strongest positive relationship, while science demonstrates a complex non-linear relationship with negative results at high levels of technology integration. English language and reading show marginal positive correlations. Additionally, results reveal that students with verbal bias outperform their peers, though CAT 4 cognitive profiles do not moderate the relationship between technology integration and MAP scores. Grade level emerges as the strongest predictor of MAP scores. The findings of the study suggest that technology integration strategies should be subject-specific, with an emphasis on math. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on educational technology by offering evidence-based recommendations on technology integration in UAE schools and international schools with similar contexts.Item Voices Unveiled: A Case Study on the Impact of Diagnosis on Learning and Social Connections Among High School Students in an Affluent Dubai School(The British University in Dubai (BUiD), 2025-03) NOSHEEN, KAMAL; Professor Eman GaadThis study aims to investigate the current academic and social adjustment of students with dyslexia in an international school in Dubai, and their schooling experiences in terms of accommodation, teacher training, and parental engagement. Data were collected through purposively selected participants and conducting semi-structured interviews with students, teachers, and parents; observations during the lessons; and the analysis of documents. Based on the findings, it has been established that options such as providing provisions, time extension, and assistive technology have enhanced student learning, but their application is not consistent. There was a concern from some students in that they do not use the accommodation services due to stigma. At the same time, the variation in teacher training impacted the kind of support offered in different subjects. The study also shows that parents are actively involved in seeking accommodations, although cultural attitudes vary in the extent of the engagement. The school's inclusive education system promotes peer support and the use of assistive technologies, and the school advocates for earlier and proper screening for dyslexia. More so, the implementation of accommodations is not standardised. The study suggests that teachers should be made to undergo training on dyslexia, screening programmes for young students should be encouraged, schools should implement standardised accommodation policies, and there should be more awareness programmes for parents. These will assist in the improvement of inclusive education policies that will, in turn, guarantee that dyslexic students get proper support in school to improve their academic performance and integration.Item The Potential Impact of the Singapore Convention on Mediation in the UAE Construction Industry(The British University in Dubai, 2025-03) Louis, Jad; LOUIS, JADThis dissertation examines the potential benefits of adopting the Singapore Convention on Mediation for the construction industry in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It explores how the industry’s nature of being fast-paced and involving stakeholders of different professional backgrounds necessitates less adversarial dispute resolution instruments that can be readily enforced in an international context. Relying on a hybrid research methodology which combines doctrinal analysis with qualitative information gathered from interviews with legal and construction professionals, the dissertation investigates existing dispute resolution practices in the UAE, the evolution and enforceability challenges of mediation, and the impact of the Singapore Convention, should the UAE choose to join the treaty. The research reveals that while traditional methods such as litigation and arbitration remain the default dispute resolution mechanism, mediation is growing in popularity and its application in an international setting is bolstered by the Singapore Convention. However, the effectiveness of the Convention is tied to the success and progression of legal reforms in each signatory state, coupled with the uniformity of enforceability globally. Based on these findings, the dissertation recommends policy reforms, capacity-building initiatives, and international benchmarking to promote the Convention’s seamless adoption. Ultimately, the research highlights the promise of the Convention in transforming dispute resolution in the UAE, thereby solidifying international investors’ confidence in the UAE construction industry.Item Connection - Issue 5 Spring 2025(The British University in Dubai, 2025) The British University in Dubai (BUiD)Item Environmental Regulation, Investment Protection and 'Regulatory Taking' in International Law(2001) Waelde, Thomas; Kolo, AbbaThis article addresses a currently very controversial issue-the question of environmental regulation of foreign investment and the limits on such national regulation by international law, in particular by recently completed and negotiated multilateral investment Treaties.Item Environmental Regulation Investment Protection and 'Regulatory Taking' in international law(Cambridge University Press, 2001) Kolo, Abba; Waelde, ThomasTHIS article addresses a currently very controversial issue—the question of environmental regulation of foreign investment and the limits on such national regulation by international law, in particular by recently completed and nego-tiated multilateral investment Treaties (MITs). It contributes to the emerging discussion on how and where to draw the line between legitimate non-compensable national regulation aimed at protecting the environment, or `human, animal or plant life or health'l on one hand, and regulation which is `tantamount' to expropriation requiring compensation, on the other. It is a question that is largely responsible for the 1998 collapse of the negotiations for a Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) within the OECD.2 This experience is currently the main obstacle for negotiating multilateral invest-ment agreements—and it has already become a problem for the proper imple-mentation of the already existing ones—in particular the novel and far-reaching investor-state arbitration under Chapter XI of NAFTA and Art.Item Expropriatory Taxation in the Latin American Experience(BRILL, 2016-04-02) Kolo, AbbaExisten laudos arbitrales emitidos recientemente y algunas reclamaciones en curso relacionadas con impuestos en contra de Estados receptores de todo el mundo, incluyendo los países de América Latina, donde se muestra la propensión de los Estados en el uso del instrumento fiscal para ‘exprimir’ a los inversionistas extranjeros respecto de sus derechos de propiedad. Tal uso o mal uso de las potestades tributarias de los Estados es probable que aumente en un ‘estado de mercado’ marcado por el aumento de la competencia entre los Estados para atraer la inversión extranjera y el papel cambiante del Estado de controlar directamente los ‘puestos de mando’ de su economía hacia una función más reguladora y facilitadora. Por otro lado, el aumento de arbitrajes inversionista-Estado probablemente demuestra la voluntad por parte de los inversionistas extranjeros para aprovecharse de los derechos procesales que les son concedidos en virtud de tratados de inversión, para desafiar las medidas regulatorias impuestas por los Estados receptores, por presunta violación de las obligaciones sustantivas de los tratados, en particular, la disciplina de expropiación. Estos casos ilustran el choque entre un ejercicio del poder del Estado para imponer impuestos –un elemento central de la soberanía nacional– por un lado, y la protección de los derechos de propiedad privada en contra de la expropiación por el Estado, por el otro. En la mayoría de los casos, los inversionistas alegan que las medidas fiscales en litigio son equivalentes a una expropiación indirecta de su inversión, lo que plantea la pregunta: ¿Cuándo una medida tributaria adoptada por un Estado receptor deja de ser un ejercicio legítimo no indemnizable de su poder de recaudación de ingresos y se convierte en expropiación indirecta?Item Dispute settlement and sustainable development of natural resources in Africa(Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011-02-23) Kolo, AbbaTo a large extent, the above observation made by the World Bank more than two decades ago in the context of socio- economic development still stands and probably applies with respect to conflicts that threaten sustain able development of the natural resources of most African countries. This chapter argues that inadequate or ineffective (real or perceived) access to justice to those harmed by natural resource exploitation fuels armed conflict in most resource- rich African countries, which in turn threatens sustainable development of the resources. The chapter focuses on the need for future investment treaties and/or natural resources development agree ments in Africa to incorporate key sustainable development principles (such as protection of fundamental human rights and the environment) and to subject these rights to binding international arbitration provision of the treaty or agreement. The chapter suggests that institutionalising good governance through international adjudication of resource- related disputes between host communities and foreign investors/host states is not only desirable but necessary for the sustainable development of such resources in Africa. International adjudication is as important in resolv ing such disputes as it is with respect to disputes between host states and foreign investors.Item Agora – Asymmetry and Equality of Arms: Foreword(Wolters Kluwer, 2010) Elisabeth Kjos, HegeThis article addresses some procedural challenges that arise primarily in investment disputes—i.e., treaty-based arbitration against states—which concern special procedural privileges invoked by the respondent state and actions specific to a state that may amount to an abuse of its powers, posing a risk to the integrity of the arbitral procedure. It argues that investment treaty arbitration is asymmetrical in nature, as treaty states wield disproportionate powers vis-à-vis private claimants. When deployed inappropriately, such powers can undermine the principle of equality of arms in adjudication. In such situations, there is a duty on the arbitral tribunal to proactively restore the equality of arms affected by an abuse of government powers. The key concept that provides substance to the tribunal’s duty to restore this balance is that of inherent powers.Item TAX "VETO" AS A SPECIAL JURISDICTIONAL AND SUBSTANTIVE ISSUE IN INVESTOR-STATE ARBITRATION: NEED FOR REASSESSMENT?(Hein Online, 2009-03-01) Kolo, AbbaDespite the evolving nature of the global economy and the role of the state from the "nation-states" (Westphalia) into "market-states" with emphasis on privatization of hitherto state activities and competitive markets, which entail more external disciplines on state power especially in the areas of trade, invest- ment, and human rights,1 most governments still viewed taxa- tion as a central element of sovereignty and so are reluctant to accept extensive or heightened international disciplines on their taxing powers.2