Evaluating Passive and Active Retrofit Strategies to Improve Energy Performance in Existing Federal Buildings in the UAE – Northern Emirates

Abstract

This study evaluates passive and active retrofit strategies to enhance the energy performance of existing federal buildings in the Northern Emirates of the UAE. Using IES-VE simulation, the research quantified the technical, environmental, and financial outcomes of multiple retrofit scenarios. The results showed that glazing and insulation reduced energy consumption by 14.42% and 14.71%, respectively, while VAV-HVAC with heat recovery achieved 15.35% savings. BMS integration and lighting retrofits (LEDs, controls, and sunlight tubes) reduced energy use by up to 25%, and PV/BIPV systems generated 123.63–149.87 MWh annually. The combined retrofit package achieved a 44.79% reduction in total energy use (≈270.51 MWh/year) with a six-year payback and a 16.9% ROI. The findings align directly with the UAE Energy Strategy 2050, supporting targets of 40% demand reduction, 40% efficiency improvement, and 50% clean-energy contribution. The study confirms that these retrofit measures are technically feasible and economically viable, bridging regional disparities and advancing the national sustainability goals. Although limited to one case study, the results provide a replicable model for federal buildings across the UAE, transforming them from energy-intensive assets into exemplary sustainable facilities.

Keywords: energy efficiency, federal buildings, UAE, Northern Emirates, retrofit, passive & active technologies, IES-VE simulation, BMS, PV, BIPV, sunlight tube, HVAC-VAV