Perceptions of Stakeholders About Vocational Education Skills, Apprenticeships, and the Labour Market Needs in the UAE

Abstract

This study examined the stakeholder perceptions and challenges surrounding vocational education skills and apprenticeship programmes within the context of the evolving labour market demands. The research addresses three critical dimensions: (1) stakeholder perceptions of vocational education skills and apprenticeships, including their alignment with the labour market needs; (2) the impact of demographic differences on these perceptions; and (3) the challenges and barriers encountered in the implementation of and participation in vocational education and apprenticeship programmes. The data were collected through questionnaires , in-depth interviews conducted with stakeholders across Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, and the Western Region to assess their views on vocational education skills, apprenticeships, and the alignment with the labour market requirements. The data were analysed using thematic analysis for the qualitative data, and descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA for the quantitative data. The findings indicated that the stakeholders held generally positive perceptions of vocational education and apprenticeship programmes. The students, employers, and assessors viewed these programmes as valuable for gaining industry-recognised qualifications, earning while learning, and acquiring practical on-the-job experience, and to find a suitable job. Core workplace skills such as communication, teamwork, time management, and problem-solving were widely recognised as key outcomes of the training. The programme also supported the development of critical thinking and the ability to interact effectively with people from diverse cultural backgrounds, further strengthening students’ readiness for the workplace. The overall satisfaction with the programmes was high. In addition to these strengths, the stakeholders noted moderate challenges, including balancing work and learning, experiencing long working hours, and difficulties in learning how to operate technical equipment. To enhance the impact of apprenticeship programmes, the study proposes strategic actions focused on strengthening mentorship, improving work–study balance, integrating digital skills, fostering workplace integration, and deepening employer engagement to ensure stronger alignment with labour market needs. Keywords: stakeholders, UAE, vocational education, apprenticeship, labour market needs