Latifa Abdulla Mahmoud2023-11-272023-11-272023-05-1520001322https://bspace.buid.ac.ae/handle/1234/2455Financial inclusion refers to the state where people and enterprises can access financial products and services that are helpful and affordable, meet their needs, are delivered sustainably, and contribute to a country's economic growth. The first step towards achieving higher financial inclusion is access to transaction-based accounts, which allow for the receipt and storage of cash (Riabi, 2019). Both theoretical and empirical economic literature indicates that various factors, such as interest rates, play a crucial role in determining the saving behaviour of borrowers. Evidence for the critical role financial-based development plays in economic-based growth can be found in empirical and theoretical research. Mwangi (2021) has contributed substantially to the debate among scholars about the relationship between growth rates and institutions with a financial foundation. Since it was unclear until the early 1900s how financial development and economic growth were related, this topic attracted much attention. In many instances, liberalising banking regulations might have been bad for economic expansion. Recent research, however, points to a constructive role for financial-based development and the link between growth and foreign direct investment (FDI).en-USMiddle East and North Africa (MENA), financial inclusion, financial-based development, challenges and opportunities.Dissertation